Abstract Neonatal screening in Colombia has been carried out since 2000. The problem that most concerns is the absence of expanded screening. To stablish reference values for amino acids and acylcarnitines, in order to provide information to guide the implementation of expanded screening. Samples collected on Whatman 903 filter paper from 10284 newborns were processed by Tandem Mass Spectrometry System (Waters - Perkin Elmer), and the NeoBase™ non-derivatized MS/MS kit (PerkinElmer), which contains controls for 11 amino acids, and 31 acylcarnitine species. For each analyte the upper limit was set above the 99th percentile, while the lower limit was set below the 1st percentile. Comparison of full-term newborn amino acid concentrations with premature ones showed no significant differences in three of them: Glycine p-0.99574, Ornithine p=0.35274, Phenylalanine p=0.13499, neither in levels of 11 of the 31 acylcarnitines. Comparison of analyte concentrations in this study with previous reports showed significant differences for all amino acids and acylcarnitines (<0.05). Experience was gained in the pre-analytic stage of expanded screening and reference values were established, for the implementation of neonatal screening program in the country.

Introduction: the comorbidities of anaemia and enteroparasitism remain a major public health problem in many developing countries, especially in communities with economically disadvantages. Objective: to assess the correlation between enteroparasitism and iron deficiency in children under aged 14 from the urbanized indigenous councils of the city of Santiago de Cali. Method: observational and analytical study that involved a probabilistic sample of indigenous people under 14 years old. Three serial samples of fecal matter and blood were analyzed to establish the proportions of parasitized and non-parasitized minors; anemia and depletion of iron reserves. Descriptive, univariate and bivariate statistics were used, ending with multivariate analysis of main components and hierarchical cluster. Results: 80% of the minors were parasitized, 17% had parascaris and trichocephalon. No statistically significant association was found between parasitism and gender; 5 minors between 5-7 years presented anemia. Three groups were identified with the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of global intestinal parasitism, particularly, there is a significant mild-moderate infestation caused by helminths; in general terms, anemia did not predominate in the study population and no significant associations were found between this and pathogenic parasites.

Introducción: las comorbilidades de anemia y enteroparasitismo siguen siendo un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países en desarrollo y en especial en comunidades con mayores desventajas económicas. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre enteroparasitismo y deficiencias de hierro en menores de 14 años de los cabildos indígenas urbanizados de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. Método: estudio observacional y analítico que involucró una muestra probabilística de indígenas menores de 14 años. Se analizaron tres muestras seriadas de materia fecal y sangre para establecer las proporciones de menores parasitados y no parasitados; anemia/ferropenia y depleción de las reservas de hierro. Se usó estadística descriptiva, univariada y bivariada, finalizando con los análisis multivariados de componentes principales y clúster jerárquico. Resultados: el 80% de los menores estaban parasitados, el 17% con áscaris y tricocéfalo. No se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre parasitismo y género; cinco menores de entre 5-7 años presentaron anemia. Tres grupos se identificaron con el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: elevada prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal global y en particular una infestación significativa leve-moderada por helmintos; en términos generales, la anemia no predominó en la población de estudio y no se encontraron asociaciones significantes entre esta y parásitos patógenos.

RESUMO Objetivos Estimar a incidência e a prevalência na população adulta (com idade de 15–49 anos) de sífilis ativa, gonorreia e clamídia e a incidência de sífilis congênita (SC) e desfechos adversos congênitos na Colômbia no período de 1995 a 2016. Métodos O modelo epidemiológico Spectrum-STI foi o instrumento usado para estimar a prevalência de gonorreia e clamídia como médias móveis nas prevalências observadas em pesquisas representativas da população geral. A sífilis em adultos foi estimada com a regressão polinomial segmentada aplicada ao modelo Spectrum-STI com dados de prevalência obtidos de pesquisas da atenção pré-natal, exames pré-natais de rotina de detecção precoce e pesquisas da população geral. Casos de SC e desfechos adversos congênitos foram estimados a partir das estimativas de sífilis materna do modelo Spectrum e percentuais de mulheres que fizeram testes de detecção e foram tratadas para sífilis, segundo as definições de casos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e probabilidades de risco. Resultados O modelo Spectrum estimou, para 2016, uma prevalência de gonorreia de 0,70% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] 0,15%–1,9%) no sexo feminino e 0,60% (0,1%–1,9%) no sexo masculino e uma prevalência de clamídia de 9,2% (4,4%–15,4%) no sexo feminino e 7,4% (3,5%–14.7%) no sexo masculino, sem evidência de tendências no período 1995–2016. A prevalência de sífilis ativa em 2016 foi de 1,25% (1,22–1,29%) no sexo feminino e 1,25% (1,1%–1,4%) no sexo masculino, demonstrando um declínio da prevalência de 2,6% (2,1%–3,2%) observada em 1995 para o sexo feminino. Houve, ao todo, 3.851 casos correspondentes de SC em 2016 (incluindo casos assintomáticos), dos quais 2.245 foram desfechos adversos congênitos. Observou-se uma redução nas estimativas anuais de SC e desfechos adversos congênitos em 2008–2016, refletindo a diminuição da prevalência materna e o número crescente de casos evitados com exames pré-natais de detecção e tratamento. Conclusões Os dados disponíveis de vigilância e monitoramento condensados no modelo Spectrum-STI, e as resultantes estimativas nacionais de infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) obtidas pela primeira vez na Colômbia, evidenciam a alta carga persistente de IST no país. Estima-se que a ocorrência de sífilis do adulto e sífilis congênita esteja diminuindo em decorrência da melhoria nos esforços de detecção precoce. A vigilância reforçada, consistindo também de exames periódicos de detecção precoce nas populações de baixo risco e estimavas futuras aprimoradas do instrumento Spectrum, deve sustentar o planejamento e a implementação de controle e prevenção de IST e a eliminação da SC.

ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate adult (15–49 years old) prevalence and incidence of active syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, and incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) in Colombia, over 1995–2016. Methods The Spectrum-STI epidemiological model tool estimated gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalences as moving averages across prevalences observed in representative general population surveys. For adult syphilis, Spectrum-STI applied segmented polynomial regression through prevalence data from antenatal care (ANC) surveys, routine ANC-based screening, and general population surveys. CS cases and ABOs were estimated from Spectrum's maternal syphilis estimates and proportions of women screened and treated for syphilis, applying World Health Organization case definitions and risk probabilities. Results The Spectrum model estimated prevalences in 2016 of 0.70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15%-1.9%) in women and 0.60% (0.1%-1.9%) in men for gonorrhea and of 9.2% (4.4%-15.4%) in women and 7.4% (3.5%-14.7%) in men for chlamydia, without evidence for trends over 1995–2016. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2016 was 1.25% (1.22–1.29%) in women and 1.25% (1.1%-1.4%) in men, decreasing from 2.6% (2.1%-3.2%) in women in 1995. Corresponding CS cases in 2016 (including cases without clinical symptoms) totaled 3 851, of which 2 245 were ABOs. Annual CS and ABO estimates decreased over 2008–2016, reflecting decreasing maternal prevalence and increasing cases averted through ANC-based screening and treatment. Conclusions The available surveillance and monitoring data synthesized in Spectrum-STI— and the resulting first-ever national STI estimates for Colombia—highlighted Colombia's persistently high STI burden. Adult syphilis and congenital syphilis are estimated to be falling, reflecting improving screening efforts. Strengthened surveillance, including with periodic screening in low-risk populations and future refined Spectrum estimations, should support planning and implementation of STI prevention and control, including CS elimination.

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The papers offers ideas that reflect the contribution of the Cuban pedagogical ideas to the role of the development of independent work in the integral formation of the human being. These ideas re-affirm the foundations of Cuban education nowadays in respect to its wide conception, everyone´s right to be educated, and the role of the teacher in the developmental teaching-learning process, as well as the role of the student in its own process of development.

El trabajo ofrece ideas que muestran aportes de la tradición pedagógica cubana al papel del desarrollo del trabajo independiente para la formación integral del hombre, que reafirman el sustento de la educación cubana actual con respecto a la concepción amplia de la educación, el derecho a la formación de todos y cada uno de los ciudadanos, el papel del docente en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desarrollador y el rol del estudiante en su proceso de desarrollo.

Introducción: Los escolares son susceptibles a padecer anemia y deficiencia de micronutrientes. No hay reportes del estado del hierro en indígenas del sector urbano. Objetivo: Establecer el estado del hierro en niños de 5 a 14 años de edad de seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. Sujetos y métodos: Se estudiaron 62 niños indígenas de 5 a 14 años de edad, sin antecedentes febriles. Se les midió hemoglobina, hematocrito, volumen corpuscular medio, ferritina y transferrina. Los datos fueron analizados con STATA versión 10.0. Se calcularon promedios y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas y para las cualitativas proporciones y distribución de frecuencia simple. Las comparaciones entre comunidades se realizaron con el Test de Mediana y t de Student. Resultados: Las variables bioquímicas no mostraron distribución normal frente a las variables hematológicas. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significantes en la hemoglobina y hematocrito entre dos cabildos indígenas. La transferrina fue semejante en todos los cabildos; la ferritina mostró diferencias estadísticamente significantes. La prevalencia de anemia por deficiencia de hierro fue de 25,8%, siendo los Inga y Yanacona los más afectados. Conclusiones: Los niños indígenas presentaron deficiencia de hierro, y riesgo para el buen desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Se debe considerar la intervención, para establecer las causas y tomar medidas correctivas

Introduction: The School children are susceptible for anemia and deficiency of micronutrients. No reports of the iron status in urban indigenous. Objective: To establish the iron status in children between 5 and 14 years old from six indigenous communities living in Cali-Colombia. Methods: Were studied 62 indigenous children, between 5 and 14 years old without antecedents of febrile illness. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin and transferrin were measured. Data were analyzed with the STATA program version 10.0. Averages and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and proportions and simple frequency distribution were calculated for qualitative variables. Comparisons among communities were carried out via the Median test and Student t-test. Results: Biochemical variables did not show normal distribution in contrast to hematological variables. Statistically significant differences were found in hemoglobin and hematocrit between two indigenous councils. Transferrin levels were similar in all councils, while ferritin levels showed statically significant differences. Low iron supply anemia prevalence was 25.8% and Inga and Yanacona were the most affected. Conclusions: The indigenous children have iron deficiency, which may affect their physical and cognitive development. This guides in considering an opportune intervention to establish the causes and to take corrective measures

Objective Determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and associated factors in indigenous children between 5 and 14 years, living in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methodology 63 children aged 5 to 14 were included. At least two fecal samples were taken to which two different tests were applied, first one directly and the other one forconcentration: Ziehl-Neelsen modified and Kato Katz. In order to collect socio-demographic and epidemiological interest data, a survey was done. The results of the survey were compared through a process of observation at 50.0 % of the minors´ homes. Proportions and ratios were calculated for qualitative variables, χ² and Fischer Exact Test (considering a value of p ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant) was used for quantitative measures of the main trend and the relation between variables. Results 84.0 % of the minors were infected, predominantly by protozoa 71.0 %. Over 50.0 % of those samples were considered as multiple parasitism; the predominant parasites were E histolytica/dispar (25.0 %) and the guest was Endolimax nana (60.0 %). Statistically significant association was observed between parasitism, abdominal pain (Test χ², p≤0.05) and non-deworming of domestic animals (Test Fisher's p ≤0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitism was high, as well as the risk factors associated with this. Association with studied factors was evidenced.

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de enteroparasitismo y los factores asociados en menores indígenas entre 5 y 14 años residentes en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. Metodología Se incluyeron 63 menores entre 5 y 14 años. Se recolectaron mínimo dos muestras de materia fecal a las cuales se les practicó un examen directo, otro por concentración, tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada y KatoKatz. Se les aplicó una encuesta para la recolección de datos sociodemográficos y de interés epidemiológico. Los resultados de la encuesta fueron contrastados mediante un proceso de observación en el 50,0 % de los hogares de los menores. Se calcularon proporciones y razones en las variables cualitativas, en las cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central y la asociación entre variables con el usó el Test χ² y Prueba Exacta de Fischer, considerando un valor de p≤0,05 como significante estadísticamente. Resultados 84,0 % de los menores se encontraron parasitados, predominando los protozoarios (71,0 %). Más del 50,0 % de las muestras estaban poliparasitadas. El parasito patógeno prevalente fue E. histolytica/dispar (25,0 %) y el comensal Endolimax nana (60,0 %). Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre parasitismo, dolor abdominal (Test χ², p≤0,05) y la no desparasitación de los animales domésticos (Test Fisher's, p≤0,05). Conclusiones La prevalencia de enteroparasitosis fue alta así como la de sus factores de riesgo asociados. Se evidenció asociación con algunos factores de riesgo estudiados.

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de enteroparasitismo y los factores asociados en menores indígenas entre 5 y 14 años residentes en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. Metodología Se incluyeron 63 menores entre 5 y 14 años. Se recolectaron mínimo dos muestras de materia fecal a las cuales se les practicó un examen directo, otro por concentración, tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada y KatoKatz. Se les aplicó una encuesta para la recolección de datos sociodemográficos y de interés epidemiológico. Los resultados de la encuesta fueron contrastados mediante un proceso de observación en el 50,0 % de los hogares de los menores. Se calcularon proporciones y razones en las variables cualitativas, en las cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central y la asociación entre variables con el usó el Test χ² y Prueba Exacta de Fischer, considerando un valor de p≤0,05 como significante estadísticamente. Resultados 84,0 % de los menores se encontraron parasitados, predominando los protozoarios (71,0 %). Más del 50,0 % de las muestras estaban poliparasitadas. El parasito patógeno prevalente fue E. histolytica/dispar (25,0 %) y el comensal Endolimax nana (60,0 %). Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre parasitismo, dolor abdominal (Test χ², p≤0,05) y la no desparasitación de los animales domésticos (Test Fisher's, p≤0,05). Conclusiones La prevalencia de enteroparasitosis fue alta así como la de sus factores de riesgo asociados. Se evidenció asociación con algunos factores de riesgo estudiados.

Objective Determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and associated factors in indigenous children between 5 and 14 years, living in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methodology 63 children aged 5 to 14 were included. At least two fecal samples were taken to which two different tests were applied, first one directly and the other one forconcentration: Ziehl-Neelsen modified and Kato Katz. In order to collect socio-demographic and epidemiological interest data, a survey was done. The results of the survey were compared through a process of observation at 50.0 % of the minors´ homes. Proportions and ratios were calculated for qualitative variables, χ² and Fischer Exact Test (considering a value of p ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant) was used for quantitative measures of the main trend and the relation between variables. Results 84.0 % of the minors were infected, predominantly by protozoa 71.0 %. Over 50.0 % of those samples were considered as multiple parasitism; the predominant parasites were E histolytica/dispar (25.0 %) and the guest was Endolimax nana (60.0 %). Statistically significant association was observed between parasitism, abdominal pain (Test χ², p≤0.05) and non-deworming of domestic animals (Test Fisher's p ≤0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitism was high, as well as the risk factors associated with this. Association with studied factors was evidenced.

Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de 5 a 14 años de seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali. Metodología Se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico transversal en seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali, que consistió en realizar un examen seriado coproparasitológico a una muestra de menores entre 5 y 14 años elegida al azar. Resultados De las 57 muestras, un total de 84 % estaban infectados con parásitos; en los cuales predominaron los protozoarios (98 %) sobre los helmintos (16,7 %) y la presencia de enfermedades parasitarias intestinales mixtas fue del 14,6 %. El monoparasitismo se observe en los mayores de 10 años; en niños por debajo de los 10 años se observó el biparasitismo (10,4 %) y poliparasitismo (52,1 %). Con relación a la determinación de sangre oculta, un 6 % de las muestras fueron positivas, 4 % de esos resultados estaban asociados con E. histolyticaldispar. El índice de parasitismo simple refleja un alto grado de infestación en los menores incluidos en este estudio. Conclusiones La prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de ascendencia indígena es mayor a la reportada en el orden nacional en menores escolares y adolescentes. Sobresalieron el mono y poliparasitismo en las muestras positivas. La carga de infestación no se distribuyó al azar entre las comunidades.

Objective Establishing the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in children aged 5 to 14 years of age from six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali. Methodology A cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali; it consisted of making a direct serial and concentration coproparasitological examination of a randomly selected sample of fifty-seven 5 to 14 year-old children. Results Of the 57 samples obtained, 84 % of the children were infected with parasites; protozoa (98 %) predominated over helminths (16.7 %) and mixed parasitemia was found in 14.6 % of the samples. Monoparasitism appeared in children over 10 years of age and biparasitism (10.4 %) and polyparasitism (52.1 %) in children under 10 years of age. Regarding occult blood determination, 6 % were observed to be positive in all the samples analysed; 4 % of these results were associated with E. histolyticaldispar. The simple parasitism index (SPI) reflected a high degree of infestation amongst the children included in the study. Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in indigenous infants was higher than that reported nationally in the overall adolescent and school-aged children population in the same age group. Mono- and polyparasitism prevailed in the positive samples. The infestation load was not randomly distributed amongst the communities.

Objective Establishing the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in children aged 5 to 14 years of age from six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali. Methodology A cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in six indigenous communities residing in the city of Cali; it consisted of making a direct serial and concentration coproparasitological examination of a randomly selected sample of fifty-seven 5 to 14 year-old children. Results Of the 57 samples obtained, 84 % of the children were infected with parasites; protozoa (98 %) predominated over helminths (16.7 %) and mixed parasitemia was found in 14.6 % of the samples. Monoparasitism appeared in children over 10 years of age and biparasitism (10.4 %) and polyparasitism (52.1 %) in children under 10 years of age. Regarding occult blood determination, 6 % were observed to be positive in all the samples analysed; 4 % of these results were associated with E. histolyticaldispar. The simple parasitism index (SPI) reflected a high degree of infestation amongst the children included in the study. Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in indigenous infants was higher than that reported nationally in the overall adolescent and school-aged children population in the same age group. Mono- and polyparasitism prevailed in the positive samples. The infestation load was not randomly distributed amongst the communities.

Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de 5 a 14 años de seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali. Metodología Se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico transversal en seis comunidades indígenas residentes en la ciudad de Cali, que consistió en realizar un examen seriado coproparasitológico a una muestra de menores entre 5 y 14 años elegida al azar. Resultados De las 57 muestras, un total de 84 % estaban infectados con parásitos; en los cuales predominaron los protozoarios (98 %) sobre los helmintos (16,7 %) y la presencia de enfermedades parasitarias intestinales mixtas fue del 14,6 %. El monoparasitismo se observe en los mayores de 10 años; en niños por debajo de los 10 años se observó el biparasitismo (10,4 %) y poliparasitismo (52,1 %). Con relación a la determinación de sangre oculta, un 6 % de las muestras fueron positivas, 4 % de esos resultados estaban asociados con E. histolyticaldispar. El índice de parasitismo simple refleja un alto grado de infestación en los menores incluidos en este estudio. Conclusiones La prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en menores de ascendencia indígena es mayor a la reportada en el orden nacional en menores escolares y adolescentes. Sobresalieron el mono y poliparasitismo en las muestras positivas. La carga de infestación no se distribuyó al azar entre las comunidades.

Antecedentes: El abuso sexual es un hecho de alta incidencia que ocurre en distintos estratos socio-económicos, culturas, ámbitos y etapas de la vida. Sin embargo, se ha explorado poco la percepción de riesgo que sobre este suceso tienen los adolescentes, uno de los grupos poblacionales más comprometido. Métodos: Como complemento de un estudio transversal en el que se identificaron tres zonas en Cali con mayor prevalencia de denuncias de abuso sexual en población de 10 a 19 años de edad, se realizó una exploración cualitativa con adolescentes escolarizados de esas zonas, para indagar aspectos relacionados con la percepción de riesgo de abuso sexual. Participaron 121 adolescentes (53 hombres y 68 mujeres). La información se colectó con la técnica de grupo focal. Resultados: Los hallazgos principales del estudio muestran que tanto hombres como mujeres adolescentes conciben el abuso sexual como violación (penetración de pene u otro objeto dentro de la vagina o el ano) y, por tanto, es la modalidad que a su juicio reviste mayor gravedad, así como prevalece el estereotipo de abusador de sexo masculino. Adicionalmente, se observaron diferencias en la percepción de riesgo según el género, relacionadas con los espacios públicos y domésticos y con las actitudes de culpabilizar a la víctima. Conclusiones: La investigación sugiere la necesidad que programas de prevención de abuso sexual en adolescentes, enfaticen en las habilidades para identificar situaciones que los ponen a riesgo de abuso sexual en cualquiera de sus modalidades. Además, esos programas deben tener perspectiva de género, con el fin de clarificar distintas percepciones de riesgo y actitudes hacia las víctimas.

Background: The incidence of sexual abuse is high and occurs in all socioeconomic strata, cultures, spaces, and during different life stages. However, very little research has been conducted to explore risk perception among adolescents, even though adolescents are more likely to experience sexual violence. Methods: Complementary with a transversal study, which identified three zones in Cali with higher prevalence of sexual abuse reported among youngsters between 10 and 19 years of age, we carried out a qualitative study to explore risk perception of sexual abuse among young students. In this study, 121 adolescents from both sexes participated. The information was gathered by using a focal group technique. Results: Main study results show that women and men have a notion of sexual abuse only related to rape or sodomy (penetration of the penis or other object into the vagina or anus), and they consider this a more serious type of sexual abuse. In addition, we observed differences in risk perception related to gender and domestic and public spaces. Finally, victim-blame attitudes are prevalent and the stereotypical male image as rapist is predominant. Conclusions: The research suggest that is necessary in sexual abuse prevention programmes with youngsters to emphasize aspects related to being able to identify circumstances that place them at risk of sexual abuse in any modality. Furthermore, prevention programmes should have a gender perspective to clarify different risks perceptions and attitudes about victims.

Objetivo Caracterizar la violencia sexual denunciada por jóvenes entre 10 a 19 años en Cali durante los años 2001 a 2006. Material y Métodos Se definió como presunta víctima denunciante de delito sexual a los jóvenes entre 10 a 19 años usuarios del servicio de Clínica Forense remitido por autoridad competente durante los años 2001-2006 y se compararon variables de tiempo, lugar y persona de los delitos sexuales cometidos por un familiar (intrafamiliar) y por conocido no familiar o desconocido (extrafamiliar). Fueron 661 casos de presuntas víctimas de delito sexual de ambos sexos en el rango de edad en estudio. La información se tomo de la plataforma de radicación de usuarios del servicio de clínica forense. Se establecieron las frecuencias de presuntas víctimas entre 10 y 19 años de delito sexual y se exploraron las relaciones entre variables utilizando el Chi Cuadrado y el Riesgo Relativo. Resultados Del total de lo casos incluidos en el estudio 83 % fueron mujeres; 78% bajo condición de estudiantes. Mas del 50 % menores de 15 años. En el 87 % de los casos se conocía el agresor. Se halló asociación significativa entre vinculo con el agresor y lugar de ocurrencia del hecho con la edad de la víctima. Conclusiones Las características de ocurrencia de la violencia sexual en adolescentes son constantes y comparables con estudios históricos, en donde las dinámicas y organización familiar posibilitan el escenario propicio para el desarrollo de este tipo de hechos violentos.

Objective Characterising sexual violence reported by youngsters aged 10 to 19 in Cali between 2001 and 2006. Components and Methods Young people aged 10 to 19 who had been referred to a forensic clinic by a competent authority between 2001 and 2006 were defined as being presumed victims of sexual crimes. Variables of time, place and personsubjected to sexual crime committed by a family member (intrafamily), an acquaintance or unknown public individual (extrafamily) were compared. There were 661 cases of presumed victims of sexual abuse from both sexes in the age-range being studied. The information was taken from the forensic clinic’s patient records. Chi square and relative risk were used in the statistical analysis of the data so collected concerning frequency for presumed sexual victims aged 10 to 19 and analysing the relationships between variables. Results 83 % of the cases in the study were female, 78 % were students and more than 50 % were 15 year-old minors. The aggressors were known in 78 % of the cases. A significant association was found between involvement with the aggressor and the place where the incident occurred with a victim’s age. Conclusions The characteristics of sexual violence occurring in adolescents were constant and comparable with historical studies where family dynamics and organisation made such scene opportune for this type of violent act to be perpetrated.

Objective Characterising sexual violence reported by youngsters aged 10 to 19 in Cali between 2001 and 2006. Components and Methods Young people aged 10 to 19 who had been referred to a forensic clinic by a competent authority between 2001 and 2006 were defined as being presumed victims of sexual crimes. Variables of time, place and personsubjected to sexual crime committed by a family member (intrafamily), an acquaintance or unknown public individual (extrafamily) were compared. There were 661 cases of presumed victims of sexual abuse from both sexes in the age-range being studied. The information was taken from the forensic clinic's patient records. Chi square and relative risk were used in the statistical analysis of the data so collected concerning frequency for presumed sexual victims aged 10 to 19 and analysing the relationships between variables. Results 83 % of the cases in the study were female, 78 % were students and more than 50 % were 15 year-old minors. The aggressors were known in 78 % of the cases. A significant association was found between involvement with the aggressor and the place where the incident occurred with a victim's age. Conclusions The characteristics of sexual violence occurring in adolescents were constant and comparable with historical studies where family dynamics and organisation made such scene opportune for this type of violent act to be perpetrated.

Objetivo Caracterizar la violencia sexual denunciada por jóvenes entre 10 a 19 años en Cali durante los años 2001 a 2006. Material y Métodos Se definió como presunta víctima denunciante de delito sexual a los jóvenes entre 10 a 19 años usuarios del servicio de Clínica Forense remitido por autoridad competente durante los años 2001-2006 y se compararon variables de tiempo, lugar y persona de los delitos sexuales cometidos por un familiar (intrafamiliar) y por conocido no familiar o desconocido (extrafamiliar). Fueron 661 casos de presuntas víctimas de delito sexual de ambos sexos en el rango de edad en estudio. La información se tomo de la plataforma de radicación de usuarios del servicio de clínica forense. Se establecieron las frecuencias de presuntas víctimas entre 10 y 19 años de delito sexual y se exploraron las relaciones entre variables utilizando el Chi Cuadrado y el Riesgo Relativo. Resultados Del total de lo casos incluidos en el estudio 83 % fueron mujeres; 78% bajo condición de estudiantes. Mas del 50 % menores de 15 años. En el 87 % de los casos se conocía el agresor. Se halló asociación significativa entre vinculo con el agresor y lugar de ocurrencia del hecho con la edad de la víctima. Conclusiones Las características de ocurrencia de la violencia sexual en adolescentes son constantes y comparables con estudios históricos, en donde las dinámicas y organización familiar posibilitan el escenario propicio para el desarrollo de este tipo de hechos violentos.